清明时节，译《清明》诗

云浮市外事侨务局 吴伟雄 收集编译

   杜牧原诗：清明时节雨纷纷, 路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。

       这是一首千百年来传诵不断的诗。整首诗是通俗易懂的。然而，在对“路上行人”的理解却有两种理解：第一种是孤身无伴、赶路遇雨的人；第二种是熙熙攘攘的行人。笔者取著名学者杨鸿儒教授的评析，又参考吴钧陶、许渊冲以及万昌盛和王僴中的一文，取第一种观点。兹先作今译如下，并介绍诸位大家的译法，然后取各家之长，试作两译，祈望方家指正：

       吴伟雄今译（借用英诗韵式aabb）：
      清明这天毛毛雨，纷纷扬扬；
      孤身赶路扫墓人，心境凄凉。
    “请问哪里有酒店，借酒消愁？”
      牧童笑笑指远方：“杏花村有！”

      吴钧陶英译（韵式aaba）
      It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day,
       I travel with my heart lost in dismay.
      "Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?"
      He points at Apricot Village faraway.
     (易读指数70.8/难度系数5.1)

      许渊冲英译（韵式aabb）
      A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;
      The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
      Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?
      A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apricot flowers.
      (92.3/2.8)
 
      蔡廷干英译（韵式aabb）
      The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls' Day,
      The men and women sadly move along the way.
       They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest ----
        And there the herdboy's fingers Almond-Town suggest.
       (71.8/5.2)
 
       孙大雨英译（韵式aaba）
       Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray.
       Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away.
       When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to be found",
        The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say.
         (73.4/5.8)

          杨宪益、戴乃迭英译（无韵译法）
          It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring, 
           Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.
          When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,
           He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.
          (47.3/8.8)

          万昌盛、王僴中英译（韵式aabb）
         The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,
          So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.
          When asked where could be found a tavern bower,
          A cowboy points to yonder village of the apricot flower.
          (61.4/6.9)

         吴伟雄英译（韵式aabb）
          It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,
         The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
          When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?
          A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers.
         (86.1/3.6)

          吴伟雄英译（韵式aaba）
          It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,
         The mourner travels with his heart lost in dismay.  
         When asked for a wineshop to kill his gloomy time,
          A cowboy points at Almond Hamlet far away.
         (78.8/4.3)